每个人都需了解的欧美文化之美国黄石国家公园介绍（中英）

Yellowstone National Park 黄石国家公园

Yellowstone National Park is the first US national park, established in 1872, and one of the largest. It covers（占地） about 9065 sqare meters(面积) in north-west Wyoming and parts of Montana and Idaho, comprising（由...组成） lakes, canyons(峡谷), rivers and moutain ranges. Yellowstone, widely held to be the first national park in the world, is known for its wildlife and its many geothermal features(地热特征), especially Old Faithful Geyser, one of the most popular features in the park.

黄石国家公园（Yellowstone National Park），成立于1872年，是美国第一座国家公园，也是美国面积最大的国家公园之一。黄石公园覆盖怀俄明州西北部，以及爱达荷州和蒙大拿州的部分区域，面积达9065平方千米，其中有许多湖泊、峡谷、河流以及山脉。黄石公园被普遍认为是世界第一家国家公园，以其野生动物和多种地热奇观而闻名，而公园中的老忠实泉尤为著名。

Native Americans have lived in the Yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years. The region was bypassed during the Lewis and Clark Expedition(克拉克远征) in the early nineteenth century. Aside from(除...以外（包括在内）) visits by mountain men during the early-to-middle-19th century, organized exploration did not begin until the late 1860s. The US army was commissioned（被委任） to oversee（监管） the park just after its establishment. In 1917, administration of the park was transferred to the National Park Service, which had been created the previous year. Hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their architectural and historical significance, and researchers have examined more than 1,000 archaeological sites(遗址).

印第安人在这块圣地上生活了至少11000年，19世纪初期，美国探险家刘易斯与克拉克远征，绕着该地区走过。19世纪初中期，一些来去自由的狩猎者和探矿者来过此地。有组织的探险开始于19世纪60年代。黄石公园建立后，美国陆军被委任监管此地。1917年，黄石公园的管理权被移交给前一年成立的国家公园管理局。该局建造了几百个历史悠久的建筑，并将其保护下来，考古人员还对该地1000多个遗址进行了考察。

Hundreds of species of mammals（哺乳动物）, birds, fish and reptiles(爬虫) have been documented, including several that are either endangered or threatened. The vast forests and grasslands also include unique species of plants. Forest fires（森林火灾） occur in the park each year, in the large forest fires of 1988. Nearly one third（三分之一） of the park was burnt. Yellowstone has numerous（大量的） recreational opportunities, including hiking, camping（野营）, boating（泛舟）, fishing and sightseeing（观光）. Paved roads(铺好的道路) provide close access to the major geothermal areas as well as some of the lakes and waterfalls. During the winter, visitors often access the park by way of guided tour（导览） that use either snow coaches（长途客车） or snowmobile（雪地摩托）.

据记载，黄石公园有几百种野生动物，包括哺乳动物、鸟、鱼和爬虫，其中有几种动物濒临灭绝和遭受威胁。在公园广博的森林和草地中生长着一些独特的珍稀植物。该公园每年都会发生天然火灾，最大的一场火灾发生在1988年，公园近三分之一的面积被烧毁。游客种类繁多，包括徒步旅行、山林间露营、泛舟、钓鱼以及观光游览。许多铺好的步道提供了更快到达一些主要地热地区、湖泊和瀑布的机会。冬天，游客们经常做冰原雪车或雪上摩托车游览公园。

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